1961
Is assistant director of the British Institute of Persian Studies in Tehran, Iran until 1968.
1967
Obtains a Doctor of Philosophy from Oxford University.
1968
Teaches as an assistant professor of anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania until 1974.
1972
Publishes “Population Growth: Anthropological Implications.”
1973
Publishes “The Cultural Ecology of Pastoral Nomads.”
1974
Teaches as an associate professor of anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania until 1989.
1974
Is an advisor in the Department of the Environment for the Iranian Office of the Prime Minister until 1977.
1976
Is a senior advisor to the Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Desertification in Nairobi, Kenya until 1978.
1984
Publishes “Ecology in Development. A Rationale for Three-Dimensional Policy.”
1985
Is chair of the Anthropology Graduate Group at the University of Pennsylvania until 1988.
1986
Is director of the Middle East Center at the University of Pennsylvania until 1995.
1987
Serves as a board member of the American Council of Overseas Research Centers until 2005.
1989
Teaches as a full professor of anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania until retiring in 2021.
1990
Serves as vice president of the American Research Institute in Turkey until 1995.
1994
Is president of the American Institute of Iranian Studies until 1996.
1995
Publishes “Reading Nasta’liq, Persian and Urdu Hands from 1500 to the Present.”
1999
Is president of the American Institute of Pakistani Studies until 2005.